Picture a man who's fighting to evict you from your home, harassing
you with round-the-clock threatening phone calls, and sending
goons to lurk outside your windows and menace you with shotguns
whenever you venture forth. Visualize henchmen forcing your allies'
cars off the road, firebombing your home (while you, your father,
your pregnant mother, and your three small sisters sleep), colluding
with the police and FBI to position assassins wherever you appear,
inciting your father's murder (which you and your family witness),
then taking his place in the organization that your martyred father
has put on the map.
Now imagine that 35 years later, the man who is at least partially
responsible for the ruination of your childhood has grown elderly
and become rich from the profits of the empire wrested from your
father over his dead body. Would a general "statement of regret"
that denied direct involvement in your father's murder and that
began, "As I may have been complicit in words that I spoke" suffice?
Would it even come close?
Those are the questions that Attallah Shabazz, the oldest daughter
of Malcolm X, and her five sisters are faced with in the wake
of the "60 Minutes" interview that recently brought Shabazz and
Louis Farrakhan, the leader of the Nation of Islam, together at
his home in Arizona. Although Farrakhan delicately avoided specifics
like the ones listed above, and probably remains safely hidden
from the proof of any direct links, Farrakhan has long been suspected
of much more than what press reports politely synopsize as "incendiary
rhetoric" where Malcolm was concerned.
Let us be blunt: Many people believe that Louis Farrakhan is
an unindicted co-conspirator who zestfully helped engineer the
death of Malcolm X in 1965. Out of jealousy, out of zealotry,
out of ambition, out of politics, out of blindness. But definitely
out of conscious intent. For those who believed in Malcolm X and
the good he might have done, Minister Farrakhan's passive-voice
not-quite-apologies simply won't do.
Karl Evanzz, a Washington Post researcher and the author of the
exhaustively researched new biography "The Messenger: The Rise
and Fall of Elijah Muhammad," traces the events surrounding Malcolm's
death nearly moment by moment. He recounts that in the year leading
up to Malcolm's death, he had become estranged from both his former
mentor, Nation of Islam leader Elijah Muhammad, and the Nation's
teachings of race hatred and violence. Malcolm was appalled by
Muhammad's mistreatment of his wife, his countless affairs, and
his unsupported illegitimate children; all were direct contraventions
of "the Messenger's" own teachings and the tenets of the Nation
of Islam.
Enlightened by his experience at Hajj (the Muslim pilgrimage
to Mecca) and an embrace of orthodox Islam, Malcolm refused to
tolerate the decadence he saw around him in the Nation, which
among other things coerced "donations" from followers and from
black businesses while its higher-ups lived like pashas. Marginalized
and penalized for speaking up, Malcolm was forced to step out
on his own, which he did both nationally and internationally with
growing success.
Malcolm was moving away from the anti-intellectual nihilism of
the 1960s Nation of Islam (which happily awaited the violent demise
of the white man) and was maturing into a visionary statesman
motivated by love and progress rather than by evening the score
with oppressors. Most dangerously for him, he was taking black
Muslims and the international Muslim world with him, and away
from the Nation of Islam, in droves.
Jealousy, power hunger, and a desperation to keep the truth about
the Nation's nefarious inner workings secret made it imperative
that Malcolm be silenced. In hours-long Castro-esque harangues,
he was denounced in every Nation of Islam mosque and meeting in
America. Two months before his assassination, and on the anniversary
of his suspension from the Nation, Farrakhan published the following
words in Muhammad Speaks, the Nation's official newspaper: "Only
those who wish to be led to hell, or to their doom, will follow
Malcolm. The die is set, and Malcolm shall not escape.... Such
a man as Malcolm is worthy of death."
In a religious environment that required followers to be prepared
to use violence, what were such words but a fatwa of the type
that the Ayatollah Khomeini issued against the writer Salman Rushdie?
Yet all Minister Farrakhan will admit to is being misunderstood
and feeling "regret that any word that I have said caused the
loss of life of a human being."
He assured Malcolm's daughter that he "truly loved" her father
and carried his picture after the murder, proving, presumably,
that he hadn't wanted Malcolm dead. Then he tried to shift the
blame for Malcolm's death to the FBI, saying, "This is bigger
than the Nation of Islam."
While it's probably true that the Nation hypocritically colluded
with the police and the FBI (Evanzz's book is based on government
sources and is replete with dirty tales of such collusion), that's
only because they all had an interest in seeing Malcolm silenced
forever. When Farrakhan suggested on "60 Minutes" that the FBI
killed Malcolm in fear of "a black Messiah emerging to unite African-Americans,"
Attallah Shabazz wasn't buying it. She pointed out that it was
young black men who carried out the assassination and snapped,
"My father was not killed from a grassy knoll." Farrakhan dropped
that line of excuse.
In the end, Farrakhan is trying to have it both ways, like the
lady who slyly cuts in front of you in line then turns to give
you a big old smile. She can actually be rude; she just doesn't
want to be thought of as rude. If Farrakhan was involved in Malcolm
X's torment and murder, then he can actually be a ruthless murderer.
He just doesn't want to be treated like a ruthless murderer. At
best, he irresponsibly caused a murder, a murder that traumatized
a family and robbed a people of a great leader. That's got to
make it hard to sleep at night. Hopefully.
Now that Farrakhan is an old man battling cancer and the judgment
of history, he obviously doesn't want to have to feel bad about
himself, and he doesn't want to die unshriven. He's extending
olive branches in every direction.
Malcolm's widow, Betty Shabazz, had long accused Farrakhan of
playing a role in her husband's death. But in 1994, she publicly
reconciled with Farrakhan when her daughter Qubilah was implicated
in a murder plot against him. Farrakhan grandly forgave her, and
the charges were dropped.
Aside from making amends to Malcolm's remaining family, Minister
Farrakhan engineered a rapprochement with Wallace Deen Muhammad,
Elijah's son, who had kept close ties with Malcolm and who led
his deceased father's followers to Orthodox Islam while Farrakhan
led his faction to the modern Nation of Islam. Farrakhan has also
reached out to the Jewish community to undo his decades of virulent
anti-Semitism; The Final Call (the Nation's current newspaper)
is replete with photos of Farrakhan with Jewish leaders and explanations
of how the media has distorted his words to make him look bad
all these years. (The Final Call still argues that Malcolm was
wrong in his charges against Elijah Muhammad.)
The success of the 1995 Million Man March among mainstream blacks--who
made clear their desire for closer ties to other blacks as well
as their lack of interest in Farrakhan--probably gave him a taste
of the leader he might have been, the good he might have done,
the respect he might have had if only...he'd been a completely
and utterly different person. Apparently getting away with murder
isn't all it's cracked up to be.
After their talk, Shabazz issued a statement saying, "I thank
him for acknowledging his culpability, and I wish him peace."
She's a more forgiving woman than I am.
Copyright 2000, Beliefnet
Join the Conversation
Please log in below through Disqus, Twitter or Facebook to participate in the conversation. Your email address, which is required for a Disqus account, will not be publicly displayed. If you sign in with Twitter or Facebook, you have the option of publishing your comments in those streams as well.
Your tax-deductible gift will help bring promising new voices and ideas into our nation's discourse, and help shape the future of vital public policies.
Join the Conversation
Please log in below through Disqus, Twitter or Facebook to participate in the conversation. Your email address, which is required for a Disqus account, will not be publicly displayed. If you sign in with Twitter or Facebook, you have the option of publishing your comments in those streams as well.