savings

All day yesterday, I capitalized on the opportunity to unabashedly promote the asset building framework by putting a spotlight on its prominence in poverty alleviation discussions and commitments here at CGI.  And I actually barely skimmed the surface of some of the specific asset-focused activities coming out of these sessions (Habitat, others).  As much as I relished it, I also want to acknowledge that asset building and financial services for the poor are one piece of poverty alleviation in a complex global environment.  The specific commitments are great, but what about the larger perspective?

Yesterday's afternoon CGI held a plenary on profits, jobs and equitable growth.  The stifling of poverty alleviation around the world is not simply due to lack of access to effective financial services, but also to lack of access to property, to opportunity, to education and to healthcare.  Exclusion from any combination of these often results market inefficiencies, slack productivity, an inability for an individual to live to their full human potential.  Hernando de Soto called for property rights and legal empowerment of the poor to give them the tools they need to achieve their version of the American Dream. 

There is still much to learn about the financial tools needed to help the world's poor mitigate risks and build assets in order to build an economic base and contribute to long-term economic development. This session primarily focused on "building assets in the developing world."

Sylvia Matthews , director of Global Development at the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation opened the second working group session stating that 2.3 billion with no access to financial services for the poor, even though evidence suggests they would make perfect customers. She asked her panelists: "What do people need, what works, what are some solutions and how do we reach scale?" Again, asset building and asset protection products reigned supreme:

Bob Rubin, the first Director of National Economic Council, then Secretary of the Treasury, and now a Director at Citigroup, Inc remarked on the health of the financial system and impact on financial services for the poor. "We need to stem the crisis of confidence in the US now, but we also need to put into place effective responses to longer-term problems the country faces, like healthcare, education and economic opportunities for the poor."

When I walked around yesterday's CGI exchange, getting a convention-style glimpse into the organizations and corporations making commitments to poverty alleviation this year, I was particularly excited to see not only institutions focused on financial services for the poor, but particular, savings and asset-building. Yes, the actual word - asset-building - at the CGI. Considered by some as an inaccessible term to describe wealth creation opportunities for the poor, I am thrilled to see it permeate the global microfinance field (as I assumed it would). Oweesta, the CDFI running IDA and other asset intervention work in native American communities in the USA, seems the only organization focused on empowerment of native communities, and if carrying the AB message in all of their materials. And Oxfam, who have been running a Gates-funded Savings for Change program (informal rotating savings groups mobilizing deposits for those still completely untouched by formal microfinance) for a few years around the world, have added the term asset building to the September version of the program's one pager.

Tomorrow afternoon in Bergamo, Italy, I will be moderating a breakout session on Design for Savings at the Boulder Bergamo Forum on Access to Financial Services: Expanding the Rural Frontier.   The organizers have set up a Wiki to allow those who couldn't make it to Bergamo to still participate in the session. 

In the United States and many developed nations, banks offering savings to children as a means of social and economic inclusion and empowerment may seem tired tradition of the thrift era that has long passed.  Gone are the days of widespread school banking programs once so common in the US. And in the very few developed nations where efforts to provide children social and/or economic opportunity through financial inclusion exist, they typically come in the form of social policy (UK's Child Trust Fund, Singapore's Baby Bonus, USA's ASPIRE Act).  In developing nations, however, we're witnessing a wholly different phenomenon: financial institutions are, out of their own volition and with no push from the government, choosing to target the child market segment.   

Last month, I argued that USAID inaptly named a three-day virtual conference on savings as "The Forgotten Half of Microfinance." Instead, I posited:

"As someone working on asset building and financial inclusion for the poor (and/or their cross-fertilization in the development field), I would contend that the hosts got it wrong when chose the title for this event. Indeed, "savings" is not "forgotten" at all. Though perhaps traditionally underemphasized, I would argue that, on the contrary, savings is the in fact the "next big thing" in financial interventions."

Looks like I got this one right.

On 6/26/08, the House Ways & Means Committee held a hearing on Individual Retirement Accounts (IRA) due to concern over underutilization and reasons why many small businesses did not offer some type of IRA plan for workers. The GAO report on the topic was highlighted. Subsequent to this hearing, a few other committees held hearing on retirement savings and a report was released by Ernst & Young on people not having enough to live on in retirement.

There are some troubling data and realities about IRA participation and inadequate retirement savings. For example:

*This blog by Evelyn Stark of CGAP and Jamie Zimmerman originally posted on 7-10-08 at CGAP's new Microfinance Blog site: http://www.cgap.org/p/site/c/template.rc/1.11.1909* 

Just released last week and swiftly making its way through the fast lanes of the internet, Nike Foundation's new video for its GirlEffect campaign is stunning and provocative. It resonates with the socially-minded, big hearted idealist in all of us. The video explains how global poverty eradication will come from empowering a girl through micro-credit: the loan enables her to purchase a productive, money making asset (a cow), which quickly snowballs into further financial and social opportunities, more assets, greater social, economic and political empowerment, and into economic development of entire nations and opportunities for all women around the world. You get the picture (but if not - you can watch it here: http://www.girleffect.org/).

This week USAID's knowledge sharing website, Microlinks.org and MicroSave are hosting a three-day interactive, web-based discussion on "Savings: the Forgotten Half of Financial Interventions." This discussion is open to the public and a worthwhile seminar for anyone in the global savings and asset development community (see a summary of topics and facilitators below). To begin my participation in this discussion, I would like to contribute not by posing a question to the hosts, but by sharing with them a simple observation: As someone working on asset building and financial inclusion for the poor (and/or their cross-fertilization in the development field), I would contend that the hosts got it wrong when chose the title for this event. Indeed, "savings" is not "forgotten" at all. Though perhaps traditionally underemphasized, I would argue that, on the contrary, savings is the in fact the "next big thing" in financial interventions.

 I recently came across a news story from India that I think offers both a couple of cautionary points for regulators regarding deposits, and a few questions for bankers and microfinance practitioners who are thinking about how to expand savings opportunities to more poor households.

First, stick with me while I give a brief rundown of the story. It centers on Sahara India Financial Corp., a non-bank financial institution in India, with more than 42 million depositors. (By comparison, the State Bank of India, the country's largest lender, has 100 million customers). Sahara India Financial is a key property in the empire of Subrata Roy, a magnate whose group holdings are estimated to be worth US$10 billion. Sahara's savings business accomplishes such a reach in large part through its army of hundreds of thousands of agents who go door-to-door in largely rural and poor areas collecting as little as one rupee (about two U.S. cents) per day from its clients to apply to savings plans they hold with Sahara. A number of the products offered by Sahara are commitment savings plans that lock-up client deposits for many months or years, offering them their deposits, plus interest, back at the end of the time period. The appeal of commitment savings plans, which are popular in a number of developing countries, is that it commits people to save, thus enforcing savings discipline. (For a review of commitment savings products in developing countries, see this paper by researchers Nava Ashraf et. al.)