savings

I've been arguing for awhile now that microcredit has been overly hyped, even dangerously so (i.e., credit will end poverty). But now media (see The Times, The Boston Globe, Foreign Policy, articles, for examples) are beginning a backlash against microcredit (likely caused in large part by failed expectations caused by said hype) that I nonetheless find equally, if not more, disturbing (i.e., microfinance isn't working). I've never thought of credit as a panacea, but I do believe financial inclusion and access to an array of asset building financial services are essential if the poor are ever to move out of poverty.

By Jamie Zimmerman & Shweta Banerjee

Notoriously resource-rich, poverty-stricken and conflict-prone, the Niger Delta region has always been viewed among the unlikeliest places for reform, particularly one that "spreads the wealth." But this week we are proud to announce that the Bayelsa State Government (BYSG) located in the delta region of Nigeria will launch of a policy pilot that provides matched savings accounts to children and youth throughout the state's eight districts. This initiative is not only the first government-supported anti-poverty intervention in the Niger Delta region, but the first state-wide CDA policy pilot in the developing world.   

What goes up, as the saying goes, must come down, and for all the splash that the microcredit movement has made in the past decade, it seems that the belief that small loans will provide a pathway out of poverty is revealing some fissures.

A recent Times of London article (World poverty guru "fails" to spread wealth) brought attention to the questions surrounding the movement to which Muhammad Yunus helped to bring awareness.  The article cited a recent study conducted by Dean Karlan and Jonathan Zinman in the Philippines, where they discovered that microcredit recipients did not fare better than those not receiving loans.

That's not to say that the advent of microlending has not been a vital and necessary innovation.  But it isn't a panacea, and more voices have arisen to ask: what about providing the poor the financial services to which they so often lack access; most notably, a safe place to deposit and save their money?

This week's Economist has an interesting article on the recent trend of mixing philanthropy with innovative "impact investing".

 The Clinton Global Initiative launched the Global Impact Investing Network (GIIN), comprising of twenty members representing big banks (including Citigroup and Deutsche Bank), donors (Gates, Rockefeller), the Acumen Fund and Generation Investment Management (which is Al Gore's green company). If this group succeeds in agreeing on a common language for social investing and lobbying for helpful laws and regulations, impact investing could grow to $500 billion, which accounts for around 1% of the world's total assets under management in 2008.

 Social investment is not new in itself. But the success of ideas like microfinance, which combines do-good with profit, has inspired mainstream financial institutions and investors to become interested.

 For example, Social Finance, a social investment firm in Britain, has introduced the "social impact bond," where funds raised by bond purchases contribute toward organizations with social missions.  Social Finance plans to try out this bond for several public services like rehabilitating released prisoners and improving community health services.

In his Labor day radio address, President Obama announced that beginning in 2010, taxpayers will have the option to purchase a U.S. Savings Bond when filing their federal taxes. The decision to increase access to what is possibly the most secure and low-cost, savings product sends important signals.

The Administration is showing a commitment to promoting economic recovery and household stability through common-sense means and is willing to act on implementation-ready, low-cost, practical, and scale-able proposals. You can find the full text of the White House press release here.

Why this is good news - especially for small savers

Returning the U.S. Savings Bond purchase option to the tax form will make it easier for more than 100 million tax filers to purchase this U.S. security with funds from their federal tax refund when they file their taxes. This maximizes simplicity and minimizes the hassle for the taxpayer who wishes to save a portion of their refund.

A quick note on an interesting article in this week's Time: Barbara Kiviat writes about the emergence in the field of microfinance for the need for a safe place to save and deposit money, which is something that we at the Global Assets Project have been talking about for a while.

While microcredit was at the root of the microfinance movement's beginnings, what's becoming clear is that those who take out small loans also desire a place to deposit and save their money.  Indonesia's Bank Rakyat, she notes, has ten savers for every one borrower, and their borrowers use the loans for household needs about 30% of the time.  And they save in the form of assets (such as livestock and jewelry), requiring them to pay a fee to pawn those assets in times of need.

When I first came to the United States as a student in Chicago in 2004, I realized how little I knew of the contradictions within this country. From the outside, it is the wealthiest nation in the world, with the most powerful army on earth and often referred to as the land of excess and opportunity. But to many outside the US it is a little known fact that there are deep pockets of poverty, tucked away in patches of its urban and rural areas. More recently, while working on poverty reduction programs in South Asia at the World Bank, I found it ironic to see homeless persons sitting under the pristine cherry blossoms outside its shiny building in Washington DC. It made me think about the need to apply innovations and successes from ‘developing countries' right here.

Ray Boshara's recent article "Combating Poverty by Building Assets" in Pathways magazine sheds some light on this issue. Boshara calls for a ‘new era of thrift' to be ushered in a post recession America and he explicitly draws on experiences from other national contexts.

In California's tough economic times, even small savings can go a long way for a low-income family. Assemblymembers Jim Beall and Felipe Fuentes are working hard to make sure that CalWORKs families have the opportunity to set aside savings that can help them cushion financial emergencies and become financially self-sufficient.

On Tuesday, the California Senate Human Services Committee passed Assembly Bill 1058 (Beall & Fuentes). The California Workforce Mobility Initiative (AB 1058) repeals the $4,650 vehicle asset limit for recipients and applicants and eliminates the $2,000 cash asset limit for recipients. Also, it allows applicants to have $2,000 in savings adjusted to the California Necessities Index.

If enacted, AB 1058 would help CalWORKs families build the savings necessary to become financially self-sufficient through work. It will also save the state $3 million dollars in administrative staff time, according to the Assembly Appropriations Committee. This money is otherwise spent conducting quarterly tests to verify that the families are indeed asset poor. States that have eliminated the asset test report a savings and no fraud cases.

Imagine a California where every employee has the option to participate in a work based retirement savings plan.

Imagine a California where all workers retire with enough savings to sustain them through old age, so they do not have to depend on the government for assistance.

Well, this may not be too far-fetched of an idea, because California is taking strong steps in this direction.

Yesterday, the California State Senate Public Employment and Retirement Committee passed Assembly Bill 125, the California Employee Savings Program. Authored by Assemblyman De Leon, AB 125 aims to create a voluntary, universal, portable retirement account for California workers who do not have access to a retirement savings plan. Furthermore, AB 125 would enable thousands of small businesses to offer low-cost retirement savings to their employees.

Wouldn’t it be great if there were billion dollar bills just lying on the sidewalk? According to a panel of experts, that’s exactly what health care reform would give us.

We told you earlier about the Council of Economic Advisers’ new report on the economic case for health reform. Then we went over to the Brookings Institution to hear CEA chair Christina Romer and some other top health care economists—Republican Doug-Holtz-Eakin and Democrat David Cutler—give a bipartisan perspective on how vital health reform is to the short- and long-term health and stability of the U.S. economy. All agreed health care reform needs to be done—and it needs to be done right.

Romer likened the savings we can reap from reforming the ailing U.S. health care system to "billion dollar bills on the sidewalk."