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Playing the Class Warfare Card

April 29, 2009 - 11:39am

The student loan industry's campaign to save the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) program may have just hit a new low. Industry officials appear to be trying to stoke middle-class anger over President Obama's proposal to use the savings from ending FFEL to make the Pell Grant program into a true entitlement for low-income students.

Don't take our word for it. Just listen to what lobbyists for banks and student loan guaranty agencies have been saying lately:

"The president's plan, although touted as a means of promoting higher education, is not," Marcia Sullivan, director of government relations for the Consumer Bankers Association, said in a prepared statement. "The plan does not reduce the cost of student loans for a single student. Students and parents need to know that under this proposal, the government's profits on student loans borrowed by middle income students will be used to finance other student aid." -- "Obama Slams Lenders and Colleges," Inside Higher Ed, April 27, 2009 [Emphasis added]

"The proposal does nothing for the 10 million borrowers that need loans to pay for their education and training. In this interest environment, with rates close to zero, student borrowers should not be paying 6 percent interest for their loans. Therefore the needy students that do borrow are subsidizing the increase in Pell Grant awards." -- Press release from the National Council of Higher Education Loan Programs (NCHELP) on Obama's plan [Emphasis added]

Similar points were made in an anonymous comment we received from a loan industry official to a recent blog post we wrote on Sallie Mae's proposal to revamp the federal student loan programs:

"Why not tell your readers that the "savings" under the administration's plan are primarily derived from charging borrowers more than necessary on their Direct Loans?... The administration's proposal taxes middle income students for the purported purpose of financing grants to low income students. It makes college less affordable to borrowers who could be charged less on Direct Loans if the estimates of the federal cost of funds assumed by the administration were correct." --"Relevant Critic," April 17, 2009 [Emphasis added]

These claims are as silly as they are disturbing. As loan industry officials well know, the money to pay for the President's plan to restructure the Pell Grant program would come from moving entirely to Direct Lending (DL) and eliminating the subsidies that lenders and guaranty agencies receive from the federal government, not from raising the costs of borrowing for students. Obama's broader student aid plan actually seeks to ease students' debt burden by making low-cost federal Perkins Loans more widely available so that students can avoid taking out more expensive and risky private loans.

Meanwhile, the cost of federally subsidized student loans for borrowers is already set to drop because of changes Congress made to the government's loan programs as part of the College Cost Reduction and Access Act of 2007. Interest rates on these loans are currently 6 percent, but they will fall to 5.6 percent next year, and 3.4 percent by the 2011-12 school year (as of 2012-13, they are set to go back up to 6.8 percent unless Congress acts first). It's unclear how much lower the Consumer Bankers Association and NCHELP would like to see them go. 

Given that the primary goal of federal financial aid policy is to increase access to college, it makes far more sense for the government to use the savings from lender subsidies to boost spending on Pell Grants than to lower interest rates on student loans further. We haven't seen any evidence to suggest that reducing the federal student loan interest rate would have an impact on the college-going decisions of financially needy students.

But all of this is really beside the point. Because after all, are we really to believe, based on these groups' arguments, that they would drop their opposition to Obama's plan if some of the savings from eliminating FFEL were used to lower interest rates further for borrowers rather than to increase Pell?

This is clearly an effort to try and manufacture grass roots opposition to the president's proposal to end FFEL by playing on people's age-old resentments.

We are far from the only ones disturbed by lenders' and guarantors' tactics. Recently, about a half-a-dozen financial aid administrators who support the FFEL program wrote into a listserv for aid officers complaining about the substance and tone of the arguments the loan industry have been making thus far. "I too support competition, and would prefer we kept both FFEL and DL," one aid administrator wrote, commenting on another's posting. "However, you hit the nail on the head. Those who want to retain FFEL are going to have to list rational, sound reasons demonstrating why this benefits students!"

That is good advice that the loan industry should take.

here is a radical suggestion

why not abolish the department of education, reduce Federal taxes and let states assume the burden of higher education funding? For a state that chooses, they can provide free post-sec to 'needy' families while keeping in-state tuition reasonable for middle class families. if a state is not competitive in this arena they will lose students to neighboring states.

Charging borrowers more than necessary

We were quoted in this recent blog post but Mr. Burd appears to have missed our point. Here's our quote: "Why not tell your readers that the "savings" under the administration's plan are primarily derived from charging borrowers more than necessary on their Direct Loans?... The administration's proposal taxes middle income students for the purported purpose of financing grants to low income students. It makes college less affordable to borrowers who could be charged less on Direct Loans if the estimates of the federal cost of funds assumed by the administration were correct."

Our point is that the assumed federal cost of funding and administration, as well as the assumed default losses on Direct Loans are but a fraction of the interest rates that are to be charged to borrowers under the Obama proposal. In the case of both unsubsidized Stafford Loans as well as PLUS loans, the government intends to charge borrowers more than twice the estimated cost of providing the loans. That is why we point out that the administration, assuming it believes its own budget estimates, could have reduced borrower interest rates but choose not to.

Regarding the already legislated reduction in the interest rates for subsidized Stafford borrowers we note that those are scheduled to return to 6.8 percent in 2012. Nowhere in the President's proposal is a call for making the 3.4 percent borrower interest rate scheduled to be in effect immediately prior to the expiration of the legislation that reduced borrower interest rates permanent.

Given there won't be a FFEL program around in 2012 if NAF has its way, how does it think a 3.4 percent interest rate reduction will be paid for under the pay-go rules?

There is no getting around the fact that the President's proposal is unfriendly to middle-income borrowers. There is also no getting around the fact that Mr. Burd is more interested in attacking those he views as the "bad guys" than he is in critically looking at the Obama proposal itself. That, in our humble view, is sad.

OMG!

Is there anything Steve Burd won’t say or forget he or the NAF once said in their ideological war against the private sector?

His post today reminded me of one of the most crass displays of the class warfare card I’ve ever I’ve ever seen. In November 2006 Michael Dannenberg explained why Democrats in 2006 would cut interest rates [of 6.8 percent, by the way] on student loans before increasing Pell Grants:

“In 2007, we expect the new majority to move swiftly to enact its agenda. A centerpiece of that agenda
are three college access and affordability items:

1) Cut student loan interest rates in half;
2) Extend college tuition tax deductibility; and
3) Raise the maximum Pell Grant by $1,000.

"[The] most important reason Democrats will move to cut student loan interest rates quickly is because college loan debt is a quintessential middle class issue. The average Pell grant recipient comes from a family with a median family income of $15,400. Those families didn't decide this election. Middle class families did.

"In the coming days and weeks, Higher Ed Watch will offer specific recommendations for how to pay for the college affordability agenda and how to win middle class families."

OMG, "those families didn't decide this election."

And recommendations on "HOW TO WIN MIDDLE CLASS FAMILIES"!

Point of Clarification

Subsidized Stafford loan rates are scheduled to decline over time, but subsidized Stafford loans account for less than half of all student borrowing. Unsubsidized Stafford loans will continue to carry the 6.8 interest rate, and PLUS (including GradPLUS) loans will continue to carry a 7.9 percent rate. Those rates aren't scheduled to decrease, so your argument about rates declining could be described as less than half-true.

Coincidentally, New Zealand began issuing interest-free loans in 2006, so there is precedent for lower rates than what Congress has already enacted (to your point about what might be fair for borrowers). If the government decided to reduce interest rates on unsubsidized loans from 6.8 to 3.4 percent, a typical borrower could save as much as $4,100. That would be worth substantially more than a few hundred dollars in Pell, and probably a better use of funds since more students will have to borrow more to pay for college regardless of how much the government sets aside for Pell. The past 10 years are a fine example of that reality.

RE: Charging borrowers more than necessary

Just an observation of Relevant Critic's argument. I'm not sure that I follow. I think I understand what you are saying but it appears that the heart of your argument is that the "excess" - the 3.4 percent - be used as subsidies to private lenders. If the excess were eliminated for both FFEL and DL and the FFEL subsidies dissappeared, there would be no reason for FFEL lenders to continue to participate. How can you fault the proponents of DL for not going after lower interest rates when it appears that you are counting on the higher interest rates to fund the subsidies which keep FFEL lenders in business?

FULL DISCLOSURE: I am the financial aid director at a medium sized community college and we actively participate in BOTH FFEL and DL. I'm really ticked off that several of the major FFEL lenders (Citi, Wells Fargo) have wholesale stopped lending to community college students. They have officially indicated that they stopped for other reasons but, when every community college in the state has been dropped, the evidence suggests otherwise.

I would only be a proponent of continuing FFEL if FFEL lenders were forced to actually live up to thier rhetoric (competition is good) and lend to EVERY Title IV eligible institution. As it stands now, I am hopeful that FFEL is eliminated because FFEL lenders DON'T value competition and choice in community colleges - they actively discriminate against students who have made community college their first choice because they don't want to eventually enter the workforce with a crushing amount of debt.

Mr. Burd - have you investigated form of class warfare yet?

Response to the College Observer

First, thanks for reading my comment and responding to it. Second, I am sympathetic to your frustration on loan availability. Unfortunately, lenders involved with student loans cannot make loans at a loss and while I do not have knowledge of the thinking of individual lenders that led to the curtailment of access to community college students, I am pretty sure that lenders determined these loans were no longer economic.

How did community college loans become uneconomic? First, two large budget reconciliation bills were passed within three years that cut over $30 billion from lender return. Second, the credit crunch increased the cost of funds for all lenders.

Lenders need a fair return in order to make student loans and if a fair return was provided they should be required to serve all eligible students in their geographic area of service.

If you believe that marketplace competition creates no benefits for borrowers or schools, then the Direct Loan program is a better choice. Once it is enacted, it doesn't matter whether or not it makes money (at least from a school or student perspective; taxpayers are another matter).

Now, regarding whether the administration's proposal is guilty of charging borrowers more than necessary: First, I would disagree with your characterization of the the higher interest rates paid under the Obama proposal (by higher, I mean higher than necessary) as lender subsidies. The government hasn't been paying any subsidies to lenders in the form of special allowance. Also, of the interest paid by the borrower, a significant portion of it will be returned to the Department of Education in the form of "negative special allowance." The lender only gets a return as specified by Congress in the Higher Education Act.

Second, in terms of your suggestion that I would like to use the higher interest rate to increase lender yield, that is not correct. I was simply pointing out that in crafting its proposal to eliminate FFEL, the administration had the option to reducing borrower interest rates to make college more affordable or leaving them where they are under current law. They chose the later with the intention of using the "savings" (the profits they will earn on each loan made) to fund Pell Grants.

If you are a Pell Grant recipient that doesn't need a student loan, the Obama proposal is very attractive. If you are a middle-income student who either doesn't get a Pell or gets a very small one, you will be paying more than you should on your student loan.

Response to Relevant Critic

Thanks Relevant Critic for your thoughtful response. Your points are very well presented.

I know a couple of years ago when this whole mess started to develop, I was firmly in the "competition is good" camp because it seemed to me at the time that Direct Loans were a bit more expensive to students but less expensive to the taxpayer while FFEL loans were a bit less expensive to the student (under certain, ever-changing conditions)but more expensive to the taxpayer.

Now that the rules of the game have been changed and FFEL lender subsidies have been aggressively trimmed, you are absolutely correct - some lenders just can't stay in the business at all or have to limit their business to less risky/more profitable pools (not community colleges).

I can't help but wonder . . . will the ultimate result of all of the "fixing" that needs to be done to the student loan indistry produce an environment that no FFEL lender will be able to make a profit?

So, if we are to preserve competition in the student loan industry and lenders should be required to serve all eligible institutions in a geographic region, how do we arrive at a fair return for those lenders while keeping the interest rates at about 3.4 percent? Would that mean that the taxpayers would foot the bill to the lenders if the desired interest rate could not support the fair return?

I'm not as familiar with the mechanics of FFEL lender subsidies as you are - please help me (and anyone else reading this discussion)understand the math.

Thanks Relevant Critic. :)

Interest Rates

FFEL defenders, particularly the Industry, must get one thing straight about interest rates.

We are seeing out-of-whack borrower rates for the sole fact that the FFEL Industry torpedoed already enacted legislation that, today, would see student rates -- for ALL students, in both Subsidized and Unsubsidized -- around 3% or less. It is only because the industry once sabotaged the middle class that they can now claim to argue in their defense.

That was the bed *they* made and now we *all* must lie in it.

Forget FFELP vs. FDSL, how about those state schools?!?

I've been doing some cursory research lately and it has struck me that perhaps the problem is that we are trying to subsidized every student's education at both private and public institutions, failing in both instances as a result. What if we did away with financial aid altogether and allowed every student who meets minimum academic standards to get a 4-year degree from a state institution FREE! Isn't that what tax payer dollards are supposed to be used for?

And please do not respond with the unfortunate name-calling and blame-storming to this question. I have no axe to grind other than ensuring access to higher education which we are obviously not doing a very good job of right now considering average debt levels. Thanks in advance for your responses and critiques.

Class Warefare

Disappointing....so much for objectivity. Too bad the author is so obsessed with the student loan industry as opposed to writing on education policy issues. Didn’t the Rev Jessie Jackson call for 1% interest rates on student loans? So I guess he too was playing the class warfare card? The government shouldn’t be making money on backs of students. It ‘s my understanding that lenders earnings are limited on student loans so the government also makes money on FFELP. If the Government can access money at 1% or less that should be reflected in the student loan interest rates.
I am all for Pell being an entitlement program but it should not be a hidden tax on borrowers. This is just another middle income tax on the next generation……haven’t we already burdened them enough with all these bailouts and the skyrocketing national debt.