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Not a Referendum

March 15, 2009 - 8:44pm

News organizations around the world -- Reuters, the BBC, the Wall Street Journal -- are reporting that Madagascar's president, who is under pressure to step down, has called for "a referendum."

That's the wrong word. 

A referendum is a vote on a legislative action--a law or constitutional amendment. It has true legal force. And referenda occur under constitutional structures (Most of the world's countries and a slim majority of US states have some legal provision for a referendum). In a referendum, voters can decide to block a law or amendment.

What the Madagascar president has called for is an up or down vote on whether he should remain in office. The president himself is putting a vote on the ballot. It's not done through the legislature. And such a vote may not have legal force. 

Such a vote -- a measure put directly on the ballot by an executive -- is properly called a plebiscite.And that's what responsible news organizations should call what's going on in Madagascar.